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Safety management systems (SMS) are vital in ensuring safe operations and compliance with the International Safety Management (ISM) Code. The Permit to Work (PTW) system is an essential part of a SMS for high-risk work onboard vessels. While there are constant efforts to improve safety, human actions still account for two-thirds of ship incidents*. ‍Despite continued investments in training and the introduction of tighter regulations, these instances still occur, raising doubts over the effectiveness of current safety practices. ‍Read this white paper from SOL-X to discover more about current industry trends and the key benefits of having a digital permit to work system, including increasing crew productivity, enhanced compliance and safety and contributions to sustainability.

The unique challenges faced by seafarers, including long periods away from home, isolation, demanding work schedules, and the inherent risks of maritime work, contribute to the potential for mental health issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these challenges by adding uncertainties, disruptions, and concerns about health and safety. The designation of seafarers as essential workers during the pandemic has highlighted the importance of addressing their mental health needs. Several factors contribute to the mental health challenges in the maritime industry Mental: Seafarers can feel uncertainty, disorientation, anxiety, invasive thoughts and images and self-blame. Emotional: They can face Emotional numbness, guilt, shame, terror, rage, fear, sorrow, grief, and irritation onboard. Physical: Tiredness Headache Muscle tension Stomach pain Excessive heart rate Panic attacks Falling or staying asleep and difficulty concentrating can affect the operations onboard. Behavioural: Disengagement, and separation from others, conflict with others, refraining from speaking, thinking, or feeling about the traumatic event, loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities, suddenness or nervousness are the behavioural effects of stressors. It is imperative to develop a comprehensive strategy to address the mental health of seafarers that involves employers, industry stakeholders, and seafarers themselves. Maritime groups, shipowners, and regulatory agencies are working to enhance living conditions on board, offer sufficient medical facilities, and guarantee that seafarers have access to mental health care as part of their efforts to address seafarer wellness. Several technologies that offer resources, connectivity, and monitoring can be used to support the mental health of seafarers. They can be monitored in the areas of physical health, active time, heart rate and stress levels by wearing devices such as smartwatches. In the context of monitoring and managing their well-being, these data can be valuable. One such solution is Magellan X’s SOL-X. It is a connected worker platform that improves safety operations by anticipating incidents and improving compliance workflows. This solution is compatible with major connectivity protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Long-Range Bluetooth. Few solutions to address seafarers’ mental health and how SOL-X helps. To address these challenges, the maritime industry has been taking steps to prioritise mental health and SOL-X is playing an important role. Rest time – Work Rest hours monitoring Seafarers work long hours onboard leads to high fatigue which is the main cause of mental issues. Also, almost all psycho-physical skills, such as strength, speed, agility, coordination, decision-making, and/or emotional equilibrium, may be negatively impacted. Due to the amount of activity involved in working on merchant ships, fatigue appears to be inevitable. SOL-X SmartWatch allows seafarers to track their work and rest hours. By efficiently managing working hours and workloads there is a lower risk of worker fatigue. Extreme heat stress Extreme heat is linked to elevated levels of irritation, depressive symptoms, and suicide rates. It may also have an impact on behaviour, leading to an increase in hostility. Also, elevated body temperature has been linked to issues related to memory, focus, and response. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures during sleep might aggravate and worsen symptoms related to mental health. The SOL-X SmartWatch measures the ambient temperature and humidity of the individual’s surrounding area and assesses potential heal-related risks. Seafarers onboard can stay alert and take precautions for their mental health. Fitness monitoring Physical activity plays an important role in improving mental health and overall well-being. Regular physical activity has been proven to have a variety of positive effects on mood, mental health, and brain function. It also gives the body a natural way to react to and overcome stress. Moreover, reaching fitness objectives and getting regular exercise may boost confidence and self-worth. Achievements in the physical realm support a healthy self-image. The SOL-X SmartWatch activity tracker feature helps in monitoring daily step goals based on industry standards and promotes healthy living among seafarers onboard. Seafarers Happiness Index In recent years there has been an increase in seafarer mental health awareness. This led to the development of several guidelines and policies to mitigate the issues seafarers are facing onboard and to promote overall well-being. The Mission to Seafarers conducts a quarterly survey called the Seafarer Happiness Index (SHI) to determine how those who work at sea are feeling. It contains questions to the seafarer on various aspects of their lives onboard like work-life balance, support from the crew and physical and mental well-being. The result of the survey helps key decision-makers and stakeholders in the Maritime industry to analyse the issues and areas of improvement. Having a data-driven worker safety solution can help to arrive at a more accurate Happiness index result and address the challenges in the seafarer’s health and well-being. Apart from using technology to improve seafarer well-being, maritime businesses can adopt steps like improved social interaction and adequate mental health awareness. They are vital to the overall well-being of seafarers. With the cross-culture and social barriers, seafarers should engage themselves in social activities onboard. By spending time with others or seeking support from others through conversations, seafarers can overcome the effects of isolation. Training sessions and workshops on mental health awareness to the seafarers could help shed light on the importance of mental issues and the significant need to address those.

The Occupational Health & Safety New Product of the Year Award honours the outstanding product development achievements of health and safety manufacturers whose products are considered particularly noteworthy in their ability to improve workplace safety. SOL-X Connected Worker Health and Safety Solution has won the Fall Prevention and Noise & Vibration Monitoring category. One of the most common causes of fatalities and injuries at sites is fall accidents. The wearable-based fall detection solution assists in detecting falls in near real-time and from height when it occurs and minimises fatalities. The Fall Detection feature of the SOL-X Smartwatch helps in detecting falls from a height at a worksite and requests help with the Crew Assist function. During the event of a fall, the SmartWatch alerts the worker by displaying the name and location of the worker to the Supervisor and assures the individual worker that help is on the way. Moreover, acute and chronic hearing loss, Tinnitus and work-related stress are a few of the adverse effects of exposure to high levels of noise. Understanding this, Magellan X has come up with a unique noise monitoring feature in SOL-X SmartWatch. The feature helps in detecting high ambient noise in a working environment and triggers an alert. The winners of the awards will be recognised with an award ceremony and published in the November and December issues of Occupational Health & Safety magazine, as well as appearing on the industry leading ohsonline.com website.

The global focus on climate change and renewable energy has made sustainability in the oil and gas industry grow in importance in recent years. The oil and gas industry is well-known for negatively impacting the environment, with a 2.5% increase in emissions in 2022.As such, more and more leaders are trying to guide their organisations towards a greener future. 79% of energy and utilities executives stated that sustainability processes are a major concern, and 47% are dedicated to hitting net-zero emissions.A key tool driving sustainable transformation is Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) technologies. EHS technologies can be used to monitor the environmental and safety performance of equipment and processes, which helps companies adhere to regulations while promoting safety.However, the oil and gas industry has been comparatively slow in embracing these technologies. 50% of executives from energy and utilities companies note the complexity of meeting these goals and implementing the technology. Bridging this gap will allow the Oil & Gas sector to catch up to other industries, and help them meet their goals of creating a more sustainable world.Understanding the Environmental and Societal Impacts of the Oil and Gas SectorOil and gas operations have a substantial environmental impact due to their reliance on fossil fuels. This industry contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, with estimates suggesting that it's responsible for about 15% of the global total. In addition to its environmental implications, the industry also faces challenges related to social issues and regulations.Shipping Costs and EmissionsShipping constitutes a significant proportion of global oil transportation, and exhaust gas emissions are a large contributor to pollution. A single large ship can emit as much sulphur dioxide as millions of cars, leading to air and water pollution and affecting human health. Shipping emissions were also equal to 2.2% of the global total in 2012, and are projected to rise by 50 to 250% by 2050 at our current rate.With countless types of pollutants being produced by ships, the maritime industry is one of the largest causes of pollution in the world. As such, in order to pursue environmental sustainability, oil and gas activities need to become more sustainable.Carbon Footprint and Greenhouse GasesThe carbon footprint of the Oil & Gas industry is enormous. Operations release substantial amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, which are both potent greenhouse gases. The industry's activities contribute to roughly 50% of all global methane emissions. Methane is over 25 times more potent at trapping heat than carbon dioxide, making the industry a major contributor to global warming.These emissions lead to climate change and highlight the urgent need for the Oil & Gas industry to adopt sustainable practices. The industry's overall impact on the planet's ecosystems and communities has to be reduced, and this is where sustainable solutions come in.Harnessing Technology for Sustainable SolutionsAs the need for sustainability grows, organisations are seeking innovative solutions to minimise their environmental costs and liabilities.From improving energy efficiency to reducing emissions and waste, EHS technology like Magellan X is a powerful tool in helping oil and gas production become more sustainable.Manage Inventory with TechnologyEfficient inventory management leads to wasted resources and overproduction. With technology, unnecessary strain on supply chain operations and the environment can be avoided.PROPELLER is a Real-Time Location System (RTLS) that helps companies optimise their inventory management with Asset Performance Management (APM) and keep track of spare parts. PROPELLER can assist with up to $20k in savings per year by eliminating downtime and reducing excess stock by 30%. By providing visibility of crucial data at the user's fingertips, PROPELLER helps organisations monitor their inventory status and manage their logistics efficiently.Furthermore, the use of AI/ML-powered analytics can help companies locate bulk-order opportunities, and reduce excessive shipments, cutting down carbon emissions.Learn more about PROPELLER and what it can offer your organisation.Reducing Emissions with TechnologyAnother transformative technology that we offer at Magellan X is ecoMax, an industrial decarbonisation solution.ecoMax is designed to measure and analyse fleet emissions, monitor machine and engine performance, and provide near real-time insights. This comprehensive monitoring and analysis can help organisations identify areas where they can reduce their carbon footprint. ecoMax is also an AI-powered system that can carry out predictive analysis, automated reporting, and produce tamper-proof Carbon Emission certification.Similar to PROPELLER, ecoMax can be custom-tailored to vessels and industries. Our experienced team of engineers guide you throughout the onboarding process, and implement the systems that power ecoMax's monitoring.Find out more about how ecoMax can benefit your industry.Embracing Sustainability with Magellan X SolutionsIn order to address the critical challenges of sustainability in the oil and gas industry, companies must adopt innovative solutions that prioritise EHS performance. The role of technology in driving sustainable measures cannot be overstated, with solutions like Magellan X that can significantly transform heavy industry practices.PROPELLER's focus on energy efficiency and ecoMax's ability to monitor emissions can contribute to a cleaner environment, while boosting a company's reputation among stakeholders, investors, and the public. By making the decision to embrace Magellan X's solutions, oil and gas companies can achieve their sustainability goals and meet growing expectations for responsible business practices.Contact us to explore how our sustainable solutions can help your business.

Environment, health, and safety (EHS) is a concept that is strongly intertwined with sustainability. These two ideas are essential to minimise environmental impact, promote responsible resource usage, and maintain safe working conditions.This is especially crucial for companies in heavy industries, where they face immense pressures in terms of environmental liability and rigorous health and safety laws. In order to overcome these problems, cutting-edge EHS solutions have emerged as a vital tool. By adopting these modern technologies, companies can definitely perform better when it comes to achieving their EHS and sustainability goals.Defining EHS and SustainabilityWhat is EHS?Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) is a multidisciplinary field that preserves and promotes the well-being of people and the environment, while ensuring compliance with legal regulations and standards in the workplace. It involves implementing and managing policies, procedures, and programmes to minimise risks and create a safe and healthy work environment.What is Sustainability?Sustainability is the concept of supporting a process over a long period of time. It's most commonly associated with environmental conservation, and relies on not depleting resources for future generations.Sustainability also includes the health and safety of people and communities. As such, sustainable practices consider not only the environmental impact but also the social and economic consequences of company actions.For example, a company aiming for sustainability may prioritise energy-efficient measures, such as using renewable energy sources. They may also sustain employee well-being by implementing robust safety protocols and providing training on occupational hazards.By addressing both EHS and sustainability, businesses demonstrate their commitment to fostering a healthier, safer, and more sustainable work environment for everyone involved. Consequently, this helps companies to build trust with employees, customers, suppliers, investors, and the broader community.Is EHS part of Sustainability?Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) is undoubtedly linked to Sustainability. EHS focuses on protecting employees, the public, and the environment from risks associated with various business operations. EHS initiatives often include compliance with laws, regulations, and the implementation of workplace safety programmes.The connection between EHS and sustainability lies in aligning the organisation's goals with the triple bottom line of people, planet, and profit. Organisations that prioritise workplace safety and the well-being of their employees are more likely to achieve long-term success and remain sustainable. The same goes for prioritising environmental sustainability, where 90% of 200 studies found that EHS standards lowered the cost of capital and led to success.Aligning business practices with EHS principles demonstrates an organisation's dedication to the long-term health and well-being of its workforce, as well as a commitment to responsible environmental stewardship.Best Practices for Integrating EHS and Sustainability ProgrammesIntegrating EHS and sustainability programmes can provide numerous benefits to organisations, such as reduced risk, cost savings, and support/grants for achieving sustainability goals. These are some of the best practices that integrate both EHS and Sustainability goals.1. Leveraging TechnologyTechnology plays a pivotal role in integrating EHS and sustainability programmes. Organisations that make use of Connected Worker Platforms and IIoT technology can progress further in their EHS goals.For instance, SOL-X and ecoMax, offered by Magellan X, enhance worker safety and contribute to decarbonisation efforts respectively. SOL-X's Crew Protect provides a holistic approach to workers' well-being, with health tracking and near real-time situational awareness. Our cutting-edge system utilises a SmartWatch to manage workers' well-being in hazardous work zones. This technology enhances part of an existing Safety Management Systems by providing health and safety benefits, near real-time visibility, and enhanced situational awareness.Another example, ecoMax, is a decarbonisation technology that provides data-driven reporting and analysis solutions aimed at improving greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory accounting and reducing emissions. It offers near real-time machine and engine monitoring, performance insights and alerts, certification of tamper-proof carbon emissions, and automated reporting. This technology is designed to help businesses reduce their carbon emissions and achieve net-zero goals.2. Measuring and Reporting PerformanceAccurate measurement and reporting of EHS and sustainability performance are essential for tracking progress, identifying areas for improvement, and demonstrating compliance with regulatory standards.One way to accomplish this is through Magellan X's PROPELLER with Asset Performance Management (APM) and Inventory Optimisation. It is, a mobile and Real-Time Location System (RTLS) inventory management solution. This digital solution provides real-time visibility of inventory, enabling better demand forecasting and minimising inventory holding costs. AI-powered insights and analysis of EHS data can also assist in identifying potential areas for improvement. This type of self-directed sustainability reporting reduces waste and optimises resource use, making it a gold standard in the industry.3. Involving StakeholdersInvolving stakeholders (e.g., management, supervisors, workers, and investors) early in the planning and strategy processes can help develop practical and feasible solutions that are aligned with the organisation's overall objectives. The National Association for EHS&S Management (NAEM) emphasises the importance of involving stakeholders to promote global sustainability. environmental factorsAs a platform that emphasises worker safety and well-being, SOL-X helps organisations coordinate with their workers, keeping them on the same page regarding EHS objectives. SOL-X has been used to increase situational awareness in workers, ensuring that they stay alert in hazardous environments.By following these best practices, organisations can effectively integrate EHS and sustainability programmes into their operations.Case Studies: Successful Integration of EHS and Sustainability ProgrammesMagellan X played a pivotal role in helping companies further their EHS efforts and meet sustainability requirements. One such company was a Major Energy & Petrochemical Company, which adopted Magellan X's solutions for their shipping needs.The Problem: The company's shipping division faced challenges in improving crew well-being, human reliability, and safety outcomes.The Solution: The company implements the SOL-X solution by Magellan X. First, they equipped their workers with our wearable SmartWatch, providing near real-time situational awareness to the crew and supervisors. Second, SOL-X enabled safety leaders to apply data-driven interventions and process/policy improvements. The SmartWatch gave contextual notifications and alerts, helped to manage workloads, detect falls, and monitor environmental exposure such as heat and noise.​ Finally, SOL-X provided a means to accurately collect and standardise health data, via a virtual Dashboard. This data helped to create safety performance metrics, allowing them to measure and report on the status of workers.The Outcome: The company takes a step forward in its EHS and sustainability goals. By leveraging technology to improve communications, Magellan X's solution helped to strengthen collaboration between stakeholders. With a better way to track safety metrics, the company could implement data-driven policies and procedures to manage and mitigate fatigue-related risks.The Future of EHS and Sustainability Integration with Magellan XThe integration of EHS and sustainability efforts is becoming increasingly important. Organisations are recognising the need to address current challenges and anticipate future trends. Through these 3 best practices, companies can stand out in the field and create a culture of safety, responsibility, and sustainability that benefits everyone.Magellan X offers solutions that can help streamline this process, providing organisations with the tools and insights they need to make a lasting positive impact in the world. Contact us now to find out more today.

In today's era of increasing awareness of environmental sustainability and workers’ rights, organisations are recognising the significance of Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) in creating a sustainable and responsible workplace. In this article, we cover the significance of EHS and examine its key components. What is Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) is a multidisciplinary field that preserves and promotes the well-being of people and the environment, while ensuring compliance with legal regulations and standards in the workplace. It involves implementing and managing policies, procedures, and programmes to minimise risks and create a safe and healthy work environment.What does EHS stand for? EHS stands for Environment, Health, and Safety. EHS regulations aim to protect workers, the general public, and the environment from potential hazards.ComponentDescriptionEnvironmentFocuses on preventing harm to surrounding ecosystems, reducing pollution, and promoting sustainable practices to minimise environmental impact.HealthEnsures the well-being of workers and the public by identifying and managing risks, such as exposure to hazardous substances, ergonomic challenges, and excessive noise levelsSafetyInvolves the implementation of protocols, training, and procedures to prevent accidents, injuries, and illnesses in the workplace, ensuring a safe and cost-effective work environment for all parties involved.Employing EHS principles in an organisation allows for more efficient operations, reduced liability, and a positive reputation, while complying with relevant legal regulations.What are Examples of Environment, Health, and Safety?Environment component focuses on minimising the impact of industrial activities on the environment, ensuring compliance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations and promoting sustainable practices. For instance, a company might invest in energy-efficient machinery and renewable energy sources to decrease their carbon footprint.Health refers to the measures taken to protect the well-being of employees and comply with Ministry of Manpower (MOM) standards. For example, a company operating in a noisy environment, such as a construction site or a factory, might conduct regular noise assessments and provide employees with appropriate personal protective equipment like earplugs or earmuffs.Safety involves managing and preventing workplace accidents, injuries, and illnesses. For instance, a company operating heavy machinery might establish a comprehensive safety training program or management system to educate employees about potential hazards and safe operating procedures.Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) compliance plays a critical role in protecting the environment and the well-being of employees. The increasing number of fatalities in Singapore's hazardous industries just last year shows the importance of EHS management. Organisations must take measures to reduce risks and ensure compliance with relevant regulations.What are EHS Policies in Singapore like?In Singapore, EHS policies are set by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) and various governmental departments, including the National Environmental Agency (NEA).These agencies ensure that organisations comply with the regulations set out in the Workplace Safety and Health Act (WSHA) and the Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) respectively. WSHA focuses on the health and occupational safety aspects of EHS, ensuring that workplaces are safe and healthy for all employees. It requires employers to take reasonably practicable measures to ensure the safety and health of their employees. This includes conducting risk assessments, implementing safety management systems, and providing adequate training for employees. EPMA, on the other hand, focuses on the environmental aspect of EHS. It regulates activities that may cause environmental pollution and sets out measures for the prevention, reduction, and control of pollution. This includes regulations on air and water pollution, noise pollution, and the handling and disposal of hazardous substances. Why is EHS Important? A comprehensive EHS programme safeguards the health and safety of employees, fosters a secure work setting, and reduces accidents By monitoring pollution-causing activities, EHS policies contribute to a decrease in carbon emissions and pollution caused by business operations. Non-compliance with EHS regulations can lead to substantial fines, reputational damage, and in severe instances, criminal charges. Therefore, a robust EHS policy is not merely a moral and legal obligation but also a strategic business approach. By integrating best practices, businesses operating in high-risk industries can enhance their overall performance while mitigating potential risks. EHS is not just about adhering to regulations—it's about creating a safer, healthier, and more sustainable business environment. What is the Difference Between EHS and Other Terms? ESG vs EHS ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) and EHS are both frameworks to assess a company in terms of sustainability and ethical practices. EHS focuses specifically on environmental protection and workplace safety and health, while ESG covers a broader range of issues, including corporate governance, human rights, and social inequality. HSE vs EHS HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) shares the same core components with EHS, but prioritises different aspects. HSE prioritises employee health and safety first, while EHS places ecological concerns at the forefront, followed by health and safety. Nonetheless, both HSE and EHS share common goals, such as striving for sustainable practices, minimising pollution, and promoting water conservation. OHS vs EHS OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) is a subset of EHS. OHS focuses specifically on the prevention of work-related injuries and diseases, while EHS covers environmental protection, health, and safety in the workplace. Overall, while each of these terms can overlap in their objectives, they differ in their priorities. EHS, ESG, HSE, and OHS all strive to promote better environmental, health, and safety practices. What is EHS Software? EHS software consists of technological solutions that allow companies to effectively manage their EHS processes and information. This software helps organisations adhere to industry regulations, minimise hazards, and maintain a safe work environment. Environment Software One aspect of EHS software is environmental management, which focuses on mitigating the impact of business operations on the environment. This includes addressing pollution, reducing carbon emissions, and implementing sustainable practices. Magellan X provides cutting-edge software such as ecoMax, an industrial decarbonisation solution. With a focus on achieving net-zero goals, ecoMax's compatibility spans various industry sectors, providing near real-time insights through IIoT monitoring and predictive AI analytics. Due to the high amounts of emissions produced by ships, this EHS software can help a business reduce emissions and attain sustainability goals. Another solution offered by Magellan X is PROPELLER, an inventory management software that helps managers significantly by saving time and costs, and reducing carbon emissions. Through AI analytics, bulk-order opportunities can be located, saving organisations extra shipping trips. Up to 30% of excess stock can be eliminated, and the overall carbon footprint can be greatly reduced. Health & Safety Software Another critical area of EHS software is health and safety adherence. This encompasses managing risks in the workplace. Implementing safety management systems in hazardous industries is crucial to ensure employees' safety and well-being. Our SOL-X solution introduces Crew Protect software that helps protect workers on the job. SOL-X analyses environmental exposure risks, as well as worker health and well-being data. Through the Wearable SmartWatch system, it monitors the heart rate, heat stress, and fatigue levels of workers, allowing supervisors to keep track of their well-being through a Dashboard. Moreover, SOL-X Crew Protect enables connected wellness programmes by analysing live data, allowing for near real-time feedback from worksites. EHS software is indispensable in today's challenging marketplace. As a provider of these solutions, we offer expert guidance to help businesses excel in managing environmental, health, and safety aspects. With solutions like SOL-X, ecoMax, and PROPELLER, organisations can ensure a safe and sustainable future. Meet Your EHS Goals With Magellan X Solutions Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) form the bedrock of a responsible and sustainable workplace. By embracing best EHS practices, organisations can make a profound impact on the environment, safeguard employee health, and ensure a safe working environment—while reaping the benefits of increased productivity and reduced costs. Magellan X provides a comprehensive suite of EHS management solutions that empower businesses to tackle various challenges head on. By using our EHS software, companies can implement robust safety and health management programmes that set the gold standard in the industry. Take the first step towards a safer, healthier, and more sustainable future—contact us today! Frequently Asked Questions What is the Purpose of EHS in Business? EHS ensures the safety of workers, minimises the damage done to the environment by operations, and protects the company’s reputation while meeting compliance requirements. What is an EHS Hazard? An EHS hazard refers to any source of potential damage to the environment, workers’ health, or safety. Some examples of common EHS concerns include:Exposure to hazardous materialsEnvironmental pollutionHeat ExertionFire risks What is EHS in Compliance? EHS compliance refers to the adherence to laws, regulations, and standards related to Environment, Health, and Safety. This involves implementing and managing EHS policies and procedures, conducting regular audits and inspections, and ensuring that the organisation meets all legal and regulatory requirements. What are EHS Guidelines and Procedures? EHS guidelines and procedures are a set of rules and instructions designed to help organisations manage their EHS responsibilities. They provide a framework for identifying and controlling hazards, managing risks, and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.